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Bacteria, Viruses and Protists

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
The earliest known group of living organisms on Earth was
a.
viruses.
c.
bacteria.
b.
fungi.
d.
protists.
 

 2. 
Bacteria and archaea are the only organisms characterized as
a.
unicellular.
c.
eukaryotic.
b.
prokaryotic.
d.
photosynthetic.
 
 
nar001-1.jpg
 

 3. 
Refer to the illustration above. Which of the organisms shown has the shape called bacillus?
a.
organism 1
c.
organism 3
b.
organism 2
d.
None of the above
 

 4. 
Refer to the illustration above. The shape represented by organism 3 is called
a.
coccus.
c.
bacillus.
b.
spirillum.
d.
filamentous.
 

 5. 
When tested with a Gram stain, Gram-positive bacteria are stained
a.
green.
c.
pink.
b.
yellow.
d.
purple.
 

 6. 
Bacteria lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; therefore, they are classified as
a.
prokaryotes.
c.
anaerobes.
b.
aerobes.
d.
eukaryotes.
 

 7. 
Prokaryotes can transfer pieces of genetic material in a process called
a.
binary fission.
c.
conjugation.
b.
mitosis.
d.
sexual reproduction.
 

 8. 
A pathogen is an agent that is
a.
beneficial to humans.
b.
harmful only to plants.
c.
harmful to living organisms.
d.
nearly extinct.
 

 9. 
Which of the following foods is not a fermentation product of bacteria?
a.
sour cream
c.
milk
b.
a pickle
d.
yogurt
 

 10. 
Tobacco mosaic virus
a.
is able to be crystallized.
b.
causes disease in tobacco plants.
c.
is smaller than a bacterium.
d.
All of the above
 

 11. 
Viruses that use reverse transcriptase to cause their host cells to transcribe DNA from an RNA template are called
a.
bacteriophages.
c.
retroviruses.
b.
antibodies.
d.
capsoviruses.
 
 
nar002-1.jpg
 

 12. 
Refer to the illustration above. Which structure could possibly be made of RNA?
a.
structure 2
c.
structure 4
b.
structure 3
d.
structure 5
 

 13. 
Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections because
a.
host cells protect the viruses.
b.
viruses have enzymes that inactivate the antibiotics.
c.
antibiotics interfere with cellular processes that viruses do not perform.
d.
viral protein coats block the antibiotics from entering the virus.
 

 14. 
Most scientists believe that viruses first appeared on Earth ____ living cells appeared.
a.
after
b.
a very long time before
c.
at the exact time when
d.
immediately before
 

 15. 
All protists
a.
are parasites.
c.
move toward light.
b.
have a true nucleus.
d.
use flagella to move.
 

 16. 
Pseudopodia are used for
a.
conjugation.
c.
reproduction.
b.
movement.
d.
mitosis.
 

 17. 
mc017-1.jpg

Refer to the illustration above. The structure that contains multiple copies of DNA is structure
a.
1.
c.
3.
b.
2.
d.
5.
 

 18. 
Sleeping sickness is spread by
a.
tsetse flies.
c.
contaminated food.
b.
mosquitoes.
d.
All of the above
 

 19. 
The protist that causes malaria reproduces in the
a.
intestines of a human.
b.
red blood cells of a mosquito.
c.
red blood cells of a human.
d.
stinger of a mosquito.
 

 20. 
The stage in the life cycle of Plasmodium that develops in mosquitoes and is injected into humans is called the
a.
gametocyte.
c.
sporophyte.
b.
sporozoite.
d.
zoospore.
 

 21. 
Algal blooms are caused by
a.
high nutrient concentrations.
b.
low nutrient concentrations.
c.
low water temperature.
d.
large numbers of fish.
 

 22. 
The capsid of a virus is the
a.
protective outer coat.
b.
cell membrane.
c.
nucleus.
d.
cell wall and membrane complex.
 

 23. 
Viruses
a.
are cellular organisms.
b.
reproduce only in living cells.
c.
have nuclei and organelles.
d.
are surrounded by a polysaccharide coat.
 

 24. 
Which of the following is not linked to cancer?
a.
Ebola virus
c.
hepatitis B virus
b.
human papillomavirus
d.
Epstein-Barr virus
 

 25. 
HIV causes AIDS by
a.
converting a proto-oncogene to an oncogene.
b.
damaging a person’s blood vessels.
c.
destroying the covering of a person’s nerves.
d.
gradually destroying a person’s immune system.
 

Completion
Complete each statement.
 

 26. 
A spiral bacterium is called a(n) ____________________.
 

 

 27. 
Spherical bacteria are called ____________________.
 

 

 28. 
Rod-shaped bacteria are called ____________________.
 

 

 29. 
The procedure used to distinguish between two types of bacterial cell wall composition is called ____________________.
 

 
 
nar003-1.jpg
 

 30. 
Refer to the illustration above. The organism shown in diagram 3 moves by means of a(n) ____________________.
 

 

 31. 
Refer to the illustration above. The organism shown in diagram 2 moves by means of ____________________.
 

 

 32. 
Refer to the illustration above. The organism shown in diagram 1 moves by means of ____________________.
 

 
 
nar004-1.jpg
 

 33. 
Refer to the illustration above. Arrow ____________________ is pointing to the sexual generation in the life cycle.
 

 



 
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