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DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis and Inherited Traits

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
Colorblindness is more common in males than in females because
a.
fathers pass the allele for colorblindness to their sons only.
b.
the allele for colorblindness is located on the Y chromosome.
c.
the allele for colorblindness is recessive and located on the X chromosome.
d.
males who are colorblind have two copies of the allele for colorblindness.
 

 2. 
RNA contains the sugar
a.
ribose.
b.
deoxyribose.
c.
glucose.
d.
lactose.
 

 3. 
If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis,
a.
only two gametes may form instead of four.
b.
some gametes may have an extra copy of some genes.
c.
the chromatids do not separate.
d.
it occurs during prophase.
 

 4. 
DNA is copied during a process called
a.
replication.
b.
translation.
c.
transcription.
d.
transformation.
 

 5. 
Unlike DNA, RNA contains
a.
adenine.
b.
uracil.
c.
phosphate groups.
d.
thymine.
 

 6. 
The Human Genome Project is an attempt to
a.
make a DNA fingerprint of every person’s DNA.
b.
sequence all human DNA.
c.
cure human diseases.
d.
identify alleles in human DNA that are recessive.
 

 7. 
Which of the following include all the others?
a.
DNA molecules
b.
histones
c.
chromosomes
d.
nucleosomes
 

 8. 
Genes contain instructions for assembling
a.
purines.
b.
nucleosomes.
c.
proteins.
d.
pyrimidines.
 

 9. 
Because the X chromosome contains genes that are vital for normal development, no baby has been born
a.
with one X chromosome.
b.
with three X chromosomes.
c.
without an X chromosome.
d.
with four X chromosomes.
 

 10. 
During mitosis, the
a.
DNA molecules unwind.
b.
histones and DNA molecules separate.
c.
DNA molecules become more tightly coiled.
d.
nucleosomes become less tightly packed.
 

 11. 
Which of the following is determined by multiple alleles?
a.
Rh blood group
b.
ABO blood group
c.
PKU
d.
Huntington’s disease
 

 12. 
Why is it possible for an amino acid to be specified by more than one kind of codon?
a.
Some codons have the same sequence of nucleotides.
b.
There are 64 different kinds of codons but only 20 amino acids.
c.
Some codons do not specify an amino acid.
d.
The codon AUG codes for the amino acid methionine and serves as the “start” codon for protein synthesis.
 

 13. 
How many chromosomes are shown in a normal human karyotype?
a.
2
b.
23
c.
44
d.
46
 

 14. 
In eukaryotes, DNA
a.
is located in the nucleus.
b.
floats freely in the cytoplasm.
c.
is located in the ribosomes.
d.
is circular.
 

 15. 
What is the approximate probability that a human offspring will be female?
a.
10%
b.
25%
c.
50%
d.
75%
 

 16. 
During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases
a.
TCGAAC.
b.
GATCCA.
c.
AGCTTG.
d.
GAUCCA.
 

 17. 
Nondisjunction can involve
a.
autosomes.
b.
sex chromosomes.
c.
homologous chromosomes.
d.
all of the above
 

 18. 
In humans, a male has
a.
one X chromosome only.
b.
two X chromosomes.
c.
one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.
d.
two Y chromosomes.
 

 19. 
Which type(s) of RNA is(are) involved in protein synthesis?
a.
transfer RNA only
b.
messenger RNA only
c.
ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA only
d.
messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA
 

 20. 
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a.
each with two new strands.
b.
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands.
c.
each with one new strand and one original strand.
d.
each with two original strands.
 
 
dnarnatraits_files/i0220000.jpg

Figure 12-1
 

 21. 
Figure 12-1 shows the structure of a(an)
a.
DNA molecule.
b.
amino acid.
c.
RNA molecule.
d.
protein.
 

 22. 
Many sex-linked genes are located on
a.
the autosomes.
b.
the X chromosome only.
c.
the Y chromosome only.
d.
both the X chromosome and the Y chromosome.
 

 23. 
Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?
a.
ribose + phosphate group + thymine
b.
ribose + phosphate group + uracil
c.
deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil
d.
deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine
 

 24. 
How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids?
a.
3
b.
6
c.
9
d.
12
 

 25. 
During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends on the
a.
codon on the mRNA only.
b.
anticodon on the mRNA only.
c.
anticodon on the tRNA to which the amino acid is attached only.
d.
codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA to which the amino acid is attached.
 

 26. 
What happens during the process of translation?
a.
Messenger RNA is made from DNA.
b.
The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins.
c.
Transfer RNA is made from messenger RNA.
d.
Copies of DNA molecules are made.
 

 27. 
What did Griffith observe when he injected a mixture of heat-killed, disease-causing bacteria and live harmless bacteria into mice?
a.
The disease-causing bacteria changed into harmless bacteria.
b.
The mice developed pneumonia.
c.
The harmless bacteria died.
d.
The mice were unaffected.
 

 28. 
Which of the following statements is true?
a.
A promoter determines whether a gene is expressed.
b.
An expressed gene is turned off.
c.
Proteins that bind to regulatory sites on DNA determine whether a gene is expressed.
d.
RNA polymerase regulates gene expression.
 

 29. 
Which of the following statements is false?
a.
Some genes code for enzymes.
b.
The instructions for making some proteins are not specified by genes.
c.
An organism’s inherited traits depend on proteins.
d.
An organism’s genes determine its inherited traits.
 

 30. 
Which of the following are shown in a karyotype?
a.
homologous chromosomes
b.
sex chromosomes
c.
autosomes
d.
all of the above
 

 31. 
Which of the following combinations of sex chromosomes represents a female?
a.
XY
b.
XXY
c.
XXXY
d.
XX
 

 32. 
Which of the following are copied from DNA?
a.
mRNA only
b.
mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
c.
mRNA and tRNA only
d.
proteins
 

 33. 
Which type of RNA functions as a blueprint of the genetic code?
a.
rRNA
b.
tRNA
c.
mRNA
d.
RNA polymerase
 

 34. 
Sickle-cell anemia results from the presence of a gene that causes abnormalities in read blood cells.  The sickle-cell gene is more common in tropical areas, and the individual who is heterozygous for the gene (Ss) has increased resistance to malaria.  If two individuals heterozygous for the sickle-cell gene have offspring, what percent of their offspring is expected to be heterozygous?
a.
50
c.
25
b.
75
d.
100
 

Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
 
 
dnarnatraits_files/i0380000.jpg

Figure 12-3
 

 35. 
In Figure 12-3, A, B, and C are three types of ____________________.
 

 

 36. 
In RNA, ____________________ and ____________________ are pyrimidines.
 

 

 37. 
The structure labeled X in Figure 12-1 is a(an) ____________________.
 

 

 38. 
During transcription, the _________________________ between base pairs are broken.
 

 

Other
 
 
USING SCIENCE SKILLS

dnarnatraits_files/i0440000.jpg

Figure 14-1
 

 39. 
Classifying Which chromosomes in Figure 14-1 are autosomes?
 

Experimental Design & Analysis
 

 40. 
dnarnatraits_files/i0470000.jpg

Refer to the illustration above. Amy wants to test the hypothesis that the rate of photosynthesis is directly related to the light level to which plants are exposed. She has chosen the aquatic plant Elodea as her study organism. In her experimental design, she has four different tanks in which she will place Elodea plants. Each Elodea plant will be placed inside an inverted test tube. She plans to estimate the relative rate of photosynthesis by measuring the amount of oxygen produced by plants placed under different light levels. She plans to compare the amount of oxygen gas that collects in the top of each of the test tubes.

Amy plans to place tank 3 next to a window in the classroom. She plans to place tank 2 ten feet away from the window. She plans to place tank 1 twenty feet away from the window. She plans to place tank 4 in the classroom’s refrigerator, because it is the only place she can find that is dark. Write your answers to the following in the spaces below.
a.      What is wrong with the design of Amy’s experiment?
b.      What could Amy change in her experimental design to make it a better experiment?
 



 
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