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Ch. 22 Earth's Interior: Plate Tectonics, Earthquakes, and Volcanos

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
The study of Earth’s composition, structure, and history is called
a.
geology.
c.
chemistry.
b.
physics.
d.
seismology.
 

 2. 
A sequence of rock layers consists of horizontal layers of sandstone, granite, and limestone. What type of intrusive igneous feature does the granite layer represent?
a.
a sill
c.
a batholith
b.
a volcanic neck
d.
a dike
 

 3. 
What is a break in a rock mass along which movement occurs?
a.
fold
c.
fault
b.
epicenter
d.
earthquake
 

 4. 
Volcanoes that erupt quietly have what type of magma?
a.
very hot, low-silica magma
b.
hot, high-silica magma
c.
high-silica magma
d.
low temperature magma
 

 5. 
Plates slide past each other, and crust is neither created nor destroyed, at a
a.
convergent boundary.
c.
mid-ocean ridge.
b.
transform boundary.
d.
divergent boundary.
 

 6. 
What causes the magna inside a volcano to rise toward the surface?
a.
It is a thick liquid, denser than the surrounding rock.
b.
It is cooler than the surrounding rock.
c.
It does not contain dissolved gases.
d.
It is less dense than the surrounding rock.
 

 7. 
What determines whether a volcano erupts quietly or explosively?
a.
the magnitude of nearby earthquakes
b.
the size of the volcano
c.
the characteristics of the magma
d.
the age of the volcano
 

 8. 
Stress in Earth’s crust is caused by
a.
plate movements.
c.
faults.
b.
folds.
d.
earthquakes.
 

 9. 
What is the name of the location within Earth where an earthquake begins?
a.
focus
c.
fold
b.
epicenter
d.
core
 

 10. 
A subducting oceanic plate
a.
is less dense than the plate it moves under.
b.
sinks into the mantle, forming a trench.
c.
moves horizontally in the opposite direction past the other plate.
d.
is pushed up and over the continental crust.
 

 11. 
The largest type of intrusive igneous feature is a
a.
dike.
c.
batholith.
b.
volcanic neck.
d.
sill.
 

 12. 
The heat that drives mantle convection comes from the gradual cooling of Earth’s interior and
a.
trenches.
c.
sea-floor spreading.
b.
the sun.
d.
the decay of radioactive isotopes.
 

 13. 
A steep-sided volcano formed entirely of ash and cinders is a
a.
hot spot.
c.
composite volcano.
b.
cinder cone.
d.
shield volcano.
 

 14. 
New ocean crust is formed along
a.
mountain belts.
c.
subduction zones.
b.
mid-ocean ridges.
d.
trenches.
 

 15. 
Geologists have inferred that Earth’s outer core is liquid because
a.
S waves are bent downward as they travel through the outer core.
b.
P waves cannot pass through the outer core.
c.
S waves speed up in the outer core.
d.
S waves cannot pass through the outer core.
 

 16. 
The hypothesis that the continents move slowly over Earth’s surface and once were joined into one supercontinent is called
a.
continental drift.
c.
plate tectonics.
b.
subduction.
d.
sea-floor spreading.
 

 17. 
Why was Wegener’s hypothesis of continental drift originally rejected by geologists?
a.
Wegener could not explain how the continents could move through the ocean floor.
b.
The continents of South America and Africa do not fit well together.
c.
Wegener’s data were incorrect.
d.
Wegener did not have any data to support his hypothesis.
 

 18. 
The amount of energy released by an earthquake is measured on the
a.
Richter scale.
b.
seismic scale.
c.
moment magnitude scale.
d.
modified Mercalli scale.
 

Completion
Complete each statement using the word bank below.
Pangaea      high            moment magnitude      composite            crater
seismograph      stress            mid-ocean ridge            volcanic neck            subduction
heat            convergent      P                  S     
 

 19. 
Faults and folds are caused by ____________________. This is a force that squeezes rocks together, pulls them apart, or pushes them in different directions.
 

 

 20. 
The process by which oceanic plates sink into the mantle through a trench is called ____________________.
 

 

 21. 
The _________________________ scale is used to indicate the energy released by an earthquake.
 

 

 22. 
A(An) ____________________ is the bowl-shaped pit at the top of a volcano.
 

 

 23. 
The sinking of dense slabs of lithosphere and ____________________ from within Earth drive the mantle convection current.
 

 

 24. 
The structure that remains when the softer rock around the hardened pipe of a volcano erodes away is called a(an) ____________________.
 

 

 25. 
A(An) ____________________ is a device that is used to detect and record seismic waves.
 

 

 26. 
Subduction occurs at ____________________ plate boundaries.
 

 

 27. 
Alfred Wegener proposed that a continent was formed by continental drift. This supercontinent was called ____________________.
 

 

 28. 
A(An) ____________________ volcano is created by alternating lava flows and explosive eruptions.
 

 

 29. 
Magma with a(an) ____________________ viscosity results in explosive volcanic eruptions.
 

 

 30. 
The seismic waves that compress and expand the ground are called ____________________ waves.
 

 

 31. 
Due to sea-floor spreading, the youngest rocks in the ocean floor are found near a(an) ____________________.
 

 

Short Answer
Answer the following questions using the diagram below.
 
 
nar001-1.jpg
 

 32. 
What process is occurring in the area labeled D, and what feature will result at C?
 

 33. 
What type of plate boundary is illustrated at E?
 

 34. 
Identify where new crust is being created and where it is being destroyed. Give the letters on the diagram and the terms used to describe these areas.
 



 
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