Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Electromagnetic waves vary in
a. | the speed they travel in a vacuum. | b. | wavelength and frequency. | c. | the way they
reflect. | d. | the orientation of their electric and magnetic
fields. |
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2.
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To calculate the frequency of an electromagnetic wave, you need to know the
speed of the wave and its
a. | wavelength. | c. | refraction. | b. | intensity. | d. | amplitude. |
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3.
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Which of the following occurs as light travels farther from its source?
a. | Far from the source, photons come together in a small area. | b. | The intensity of
light increases as photons move away from the source. | c. | The source gives off less light as photons move
away from it. | d. | Far from the source, photons spread over a larger
area. |
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4.
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The full range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation is called
a. | visible light. | c. | the electromagnetic spectrum. | b. | radio
waves. | d. | invisible
radiation. |
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5.
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The waves with the longest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum
are
a. | infrared rays. | c. | gamma rays. | b. | radio waves. | d. | X-rays. |
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6.
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The visible light spectrum ranges between
a. | radar waves and X-rays. | b. | television waves and infrared
rays. | c. | infrared rays and ultraviolet rays. | d. | ultraviolet rays and gamma
rays. |
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7.
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Polarized sunglasses work by
a. | blocking light waves that vibrate in one plane. | b. | gradually refracting
light as it passes through the lenses. | c. | bending light as it passes from air into the
lenses. | d. | reflecting most of the light that strikes the
sunglasses. |
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8.
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Newton’s prism experiments showed that white sunlight is made up of
a. | the full electromagnetic spectrum. | b. | only blue light. | c. | all the colors of
the visible spectrum. | d. | only the longest
wavelengths. |
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9.
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When droplets of water in the atmosphere act like prisms, the colors in sunlight
undergo
a. | interference. | c. | polarization. | b. | absorption. | d. | dispersion. |
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10.
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The primary colors of light are
a. | green, blue, and black. | b. | cyan, magenta, and yellow. | c. | red, yellow, and
blue. | d. | blue, green, and red. |
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11.
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An incandescent light bulb produces light when electrons flow through the
a. | air. | c. | filament. | b. | glass. | d. | vacuum. |
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12.
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A fluorescent light tube usually contains
a. | a vacuum. | c. | mercury vapor. | b. | oxygen. | d. | light-emitting
diodes. |
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13.
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Which kind of light is used to carry information through optical fibers?
a. | incandescent | c. | sodium-vapor light | b. | fluorescent | d. | laser |
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14.
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Which part of a film camera focuses incoming light rays?
a. | diaphragm | c. | shutter | b. | lens | d. | viewfinder |
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15.
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The sun’s energy is produced by
a. | the sun burning fuel. | c. | an ordinary chemical reaction. | b. | nuclear
fission. | d. | nuclear
fusion. |
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16.
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For the sun to be stable, the inward and outward forces within the sun must
be
a. | in equilibrium. | b. | part of the fusion
reaction. | c. | focused in the core. | d. | balanced with temperature and
density. |
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17.
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The distance between stars is typically measured in
a. | light-years. | c. | astronomical units. | b. | kilometers. | d. | miles. |
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18.
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Astronomers classify stars according to their
a. | distance from Earth. | c. | age and parallax. | b. | color, size, and absolute
brightness. | d. | all of the
above |
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19.
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An H-R diagram
a. | is a map of the positions of the stars. | b. | graphs stars
according to their size and distance. | c. | lists every known star. | d. | graphs a sample of
stars according to surface temperature and absolute brightness. |
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20.
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The life cycle of a star begins with a cloud of gas and dust called a
a. | protoplanet. | c. | nebula. | b. | constellation. | d. | protosun. |
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21.
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What is a pulsar?
a. | the remains of a low-mass star after it explodes | b. | a spinning neutron
star emitting radio waves | c. | another name for a
protostar | d. | the stage before a dying star becomes a supernova |
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22.
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A large group of older stars would be found in which of the following star
clusters?
a. | open cluster | c. | globular cluster | b. | association | d. | both (a) and
(b) |
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23.
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Galaxies are classified into four groups based on their
a. | shapes. | c. | number of stars. | b. | sizes. | d. | brightness. |
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24.
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Older stars are most likely found in
a. | the arms of spiral and barred-spiral galaxies. | b. | elliptical
galaxies. | c. | irregular galaxies. | d. | both (a) and
(b) |
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25.
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When the absorption lines of a galaxy shift toward the blue end of the spectrum,
it means that the galaxy is
a. | moving away from Earth. | c. | moving closer to
Earth. | b. | small and young. | d. | large and old. |
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26.
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Hubble’s Law states that the speed at which a galaxy is moving away is
proportional to the
a. | mass of the galaxy. | c. | galaxy’s distance from Earth. | b. | number of stars in
the galaxy. | d. | age of the
galaxy. |
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27.
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The big bang theory explains the
a. | origin of the universe. | c. | Doppler effect. | b. | life cycle of a
star. | d. | arrangement of
constellations. |
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28.
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Which of the following provides support for the big bang theory?
a. | red shift | b. | cosmic microwave background
radiation | c. | elliptical galaxies | d. | both (a) and
(b) |
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29.
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Dark matter can be detected by its
a. | cosmic microwave background radiation. | b. | red shift. | c. | gravitational
effects on visible matter. | d. | velocity. |
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30.
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Much of the mass of the universe may be composed of
a. | electromagnetic waves. | c. | background radiation. | b. | cosmic
microwaves. | d. | dark
matter. |
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USING SCIENCE SKILLS
Figure
18-2
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31.
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Comparing and Contrasting Which waves in Figure 18-2 carry AM and FM
signals? How do the frequencies of AM and FM signals compare?
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